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- Economy
-
- Overview: Nepal is among the poorest and least developed
- countries in the world with a per capita income of only
- $158. Real growth averaged 4% in the 1980s until FY89, when
- it plunged to 1.5% because of the ongoing trade/transit
- dispute with India. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy,
- providing a livelihood for over 90% of the population and
- accounting for 60% of GDP and about 75% of exports. Industrial
- activity is limited, and what there is involves the processing
- of agricultural produce (jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain).
- Apart from agricultural land and forests, the only other
- exploitable natural resources are mica, hydropower, and
- tourism. Despite considerable investment in the agricultural
- sector, production in the 1980s has not kept pace with the
- population growth of 2.7%, which has led to a reduction
- in exportable surpluses and balance-of-payments difficulties.
- Economic prospects for the 1990s remain grim.
-
- GDP: $2.9 billion, per capita $158; real growth rate 1.5% (FY89).
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.1% (FY89 est.).
-
- Unemployment rate: 5%; underemployment estimated at 25-40% (1987).
-
- Budget: revenues $296 million; expenditures $635 million,
- including capital expenditures of $394 million (FY89 est.).
-
- Exports: $374 million (f.o.b., FY89 est.), but does not include
- unrecorded border trade with India; commodities--clothing, carpets,
- leather goods, grain; partners--India 38%, US 23%, UK 6%, other
- Europe 9% (FY88).
-
- Imports: $724 million (c.i.f., FY89 est.); commodities--petroleum
- products 20%, fertilizer 11%, machinery 10%; partners--India 36%,
- Japan 13%, Europe 4%, US 1% (FY88).
-
- External debt: $1.3 billion (December 1989 est.).
-
- Industrial production: growth rate -4.5% (FY89 est.).
-
- Electricity: 205,000 kW capacity; 535 million kWh produced,
- 30 kWh per capita (1989).
-
- Industries: small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills;
- cigarette, textiles, cement, brick; tourism.
-
- Agriculture: accounts for 60% of GDP and 90% of work force;
- farm products--rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops,
- milk, buffalo meat; not self-sufficient in food, particularly
- in drought years.
-
- Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic
- and international drug markets.
-
- Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $285 million;
- Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
- (1980-87), $1.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89),
- $30 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $273 million.
-
- Currency: Nepalese rupee (plural--rupees); 1 Nepalese rupee
- (NR) = 100 paisa.
-
- Exchange rates: Nepalese rupees (NRs) per US$1--28.559 (January
- 1990), 27.189 (1989), 23.289 (1988), 21.819 (1987), 21.230
- (1986), 18.246 (1985).
-
- Fiscal year: 16 July-15 July.
-